PHP. Руководство по PHP. 2005

Exceptions

Содержание

PHP 5 has an exception model similar to that of other programming languages. An exception can be thrown, try and caught within PHP. A Try block must include at least one catch block. Multiple catch blocks can be used to catch different classtypes; execution will continue after that last catch block defined in sequence. Exceptions can be thrown within catch blocks.

When an exception is thrown, code following the statement will not be executed and PHP will attempt to find the first matching catch block. If an exception is not caught a PHP Fatal Error will be issued with an Uncaught Exception message, unless there has been a handler defined with set_exception_handler().

Пример 20-1. Throwing an Exception


<?
try {
$error = 'Always throw this error';
throw new Exception($error);
//Code following an exception is not executed.
echo 'Never executed';
} catch (Exception $e){
echo 'Caught exception: ', $e->getMessage(), "\n";
}
//Continue execution
echo 'Hello World';

?>

Extending Exceptions

A User defined Exception class can be defined by extending the built-in Exception class. The members and properties below, show what is accessible within the child class that derives from the built-in Exception class.

Пример 20-2. The Built in Exception class


<?
class Exception
{
protected $message = 'Unknown exception'; //exception message
protected $code = 0; //user defined exception code
protected $file; //source filename of exception
protected $line; //source line of exception
function __construct($message = null, $code = 0);
final function getMessage(); //message of exception
final function getCode(); //code of exception
final function getFile(); //source filename
final function getLine(); //source line
final function getTrace(); //an array of the backtrace()
final function getTraceAsString(); //formated string of trace
/*Overrideable*/
function __toString(); //formated string for display
}

?>

If a class extends the built-in Exception class and re-defines the constructor, it is highly recomended that it also call parent::__construct() to ensure all available data has been properly assigned. The __toString() method can be overriden to provide a custom output when the object is presented as a string.

Пример 20-3. Extending the Exception class


<?
/**
* Define a custom exception class
*/
class MyException extends Exception
{
//Redefine the exception so message isn't optional
public function __construct($message, $code = 0){
//some code
//make sure everything is assigned properly
parent::__construct($message, $code);
}
//custom string representation of object*/
public function __toString(){
return __CLASS__ . ": [{$this->code}]: {$this->message}\n";
}
public function customFunction(){
echo "A Custom function for this type of exception\n";
}}
/**
* Create a class to test the exception
*/
class TestException
{
public $var;
const THROW_NONE = 0;
const THROW_CUSTOM = 1;
const THROW_DEFAULT = 2;
function __construct($avalue = self::THROW_NONE){
switch ($avalue){
case self::THROW_CUSTOM:
//throw custom exception
throw new MyException('1 is an invalid parameter', 5);
break;
case self::THROW_DEFAULT:
//throw default one.
throw new Exception('2 isnt allowed as a parameter', 6);
break;
default:
//No exception, object will be created.
$this->var = $avalue;
break;
}}
}
//Example 1
try {
$o = new TestException(TestException::THROW_CUSTOM);
} catch (MyException $e){ //Will be caught
echo "Caught my exception\n", $e;
$e->customFunction();
} catch (Exception $e){ //Skipped
echo "Caught Default Exception\n", $e;
}
//Continue execution
var_dump($o);
echo "\n\n";
//Example 2
try {
$o = new TestException(TestException::THROW_DEFAULT);
} catch (MyException $e){ //Doesn't match this type
echo "Caught my exception\n", $e;
$e->customFunction();
} catch (Exception $e){ //Will be caught
echo "Caught Default Exception\n", $e;
}
//Continue execution
var_dump($o);
echo "\n\n";
//Example 3
try {
$o = new TestException(TestException::THROW_CUSTOM);
} catch (Exception $e){ //Will be caught
echo "Default Exception caught\n", $e;
}
//Continue execution
var_dump($o);
echo "\n\n";
//Example 4
try {
$o = new TestException();
} catch (Exception $e){ //Skipped, no exception
echo "Default Exception caught\n", $e;
}
//Continue execution
var_dump($o);
echo "\n\n";

?>

Type Hinting

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Отвечу на любые вопросы. С уважением, Дмитрий Владимирович.

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PHP. Руководство по PHP. 2005

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Extending Exceptions