PHP. Руководство по PHP. 2005

PostgreSQL Functions

Пред.

След.

CVI. PostgreSQL Functions

Введение

PostgreSQL database is Open Source product and available without cost. Postgres, developed originally in the UC Berkeley Computer Science Department, pioneered many of the object-relational concepts now becoming available in some commercial databases. It provides SQL92/SQL99 language support, transactions, referential integrity, stored procedures and type extensibility. PostgreSQL is an open source descendant of this original Berkeley code.

Требования

To use PostgreSQL support, you need PostgreSQL 6.5 or later, PostgreSQL 8.0 or later to enable all PostgreSQL module features. PostgreSQL supports many character encoding including multibyte character encoding. The current version and more information about PostgreSQL is available at http://postgresql.org/ and the PostgreSQL Documentation.

Установка

In order to enable PostgreSQL support, --with-pgsql[=DIR] is required when you compile PHP. DIR is the PostgreSQL base install directory, defaults to /usr/local/pgsql. If shared object module is available, PostgreSQL module may be loaded using extension directive in php.ini or dl() function.

Настройка во время выполнения

-Поведение этих функций зависит от установок в php.ini.

Таблица 1. PostgreSQL configuration options

Для подробного описания констант

PHP_INI_*, обратитесь к документации функции ini_set().

Краткое разъяснение конфигурационных

директив.

pgsql.allow_persistent boolean

Whether to allow persistent Postgres connections.

pgsql.max_persistent integer

The maximum number of persistent Postgres connections per process.

pgsql.max_links integer

The maximum number of Postgres connections per process, including persistent connections.

pgsql.auto_reset_persistent integer

Detect broken persistent links with pg_pconnect(). Needs a little overhead.

pgsql.ignore_notice integer

Whether or not to ignore PostgreSQL backend notices.

pgsql.log_notice integer

Whether or not to log PostgreSQL backends notice messages. The PHP directive - pgsql.ignore_notice must be off in order to log notice messages.

How to use and hints

Not all functions are supported by all builds. It depends on your libpq (The PostgreSQL C Client interface) version and how libpq is compiled. If there is missing function, libpq does not support the feature required for the function.

It is also important that you do not use an older libpq than the PostgreSQL Server to which you will be connecting. If you use libpq older than PostgreSQL Server expects, you may have problems.

Since version 6.3 (03/02/1998) PostgreSQL uses unix domain sockets by default. TCP port will NOT be opened by default. A table is shown below describing these new connection possibilities. This socket will be found in /tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432. This option can be enabled with the '-i' flag to postmaster and its meaning is: "listen on TCP/IP sockets as well as Unix domain sockets".

Таблица 3. Postmaster and PHP

A connection to PostgreSQL server can be established with the following value pairs set in the command string: $conn = pg_connect("host=myHost port=myPort tty=myTTY options=myOptions dbname=myDB user=myUser password=myPassword ");

The previous syntax of: - $conn = pg_connect ("host", "port", "options", "tty", "dbname")

has been deprecated.

Environmental variables affect PostgreSQL server/client behavior. For example, PostgreSQL module will lookup PGHOST environment variable when the hostname is omitted in the connection string. Supported environment variables are different from version to version. Refer to PostgreSQL Programmer's Manual (libpq - Environment Variables) for details.

Make sure you set environment variables for appropriate user. Use $_ENV or getenv() to check which environment variables are available to the current process.

PGHOST=pgsql.example.com
PGPORT=7890
PGDATABASE=web-system
PGUSER=web-user
PGPASSWORD=secret
PGDATESTYLE=ISO
PGTZ=JST
PGCLIENTENCODING=EUC-JP
export PGHOST PGPORT PGDATABASE PGUSER PGPASSWORD PGDATESTYLE PGTZ PGCLIENTENCODING

Замечание: PostgreSQL automatically folds all identifiers (e.g. table/column names) to lower-case values. To get it to recognize upper-case values, you must always wrap the identifier in quotes.

Предопределенные константы

-Перечисленные ниже константы определены данным расширением и могут быть

доступны только в том случае, если PHP был собран с

поддержкой этого расширения или же в том случае, если

данное расширение подгружается во время выполнения.

PGSQL_ASSOC (integer)

Passed to pg_fetch_array(). Return an associative array of field names and values.

PGSQL_NUM (integer)

Passed to pg_fetch_array(). Return a numerically indexed array of field numbers and values.

PGSQL_BOTH (integer)

Passed to pg_fetch_array(). Return an array of field values that is both numerically indexed (by field number) and associated (by field name).

PGSQL_CONNECT_FORCE_NEW (integer)

Passed to pg_connect() to force the creation of a new connection, rather then re-using an existing identical connection.

PGSQL_CONNECTION_BAD (integer)

Returned by pg_connection_status() indicating that the database connection is in an invalid state.

PGSQL_CONNECTION_OK (integer)

Returned by pg_connection_status() indicating that the database connection is in a valid state.

PGSQL_SEEK_SET (integer)

Passed to pg_lo_seek(). Seek operation is to begin from the start of the object.

PGSQL_SEEK_CUR (integer)

Passed to pg_lo_seek(). Seek operation is to begin from the current position.

PGSQL_SEEK_END (integer)

Passed to pg_lo_seek(). Seek operation is to begin from the end of the object.

PGSQL_EMPTY_QUERY (integer)

Returned by pg_result_status(). The string sent to the server was empty.

PGSQL_COMMAND_OK (integer)

Returned by pg_result_status(). Successful completion of a command returning no data.

PGSQL_TUPLES_OK (integer)

Returned by pg_result_status(). Successful completion of a command returning data (such as a SELECT or SHOW).

PGSQL_COPY_OUT (integer)

Returned by pg_result_status(). Copy Out (from server) data transfer started.

PGSQL_COPY_IN (integer)

Returned by pg_result_status(). Copy In (to server) data transfer started.

PGSQL_BAD_RESPONSE (integer)

Returned by pg_result_status(). The server's response was not understood.

PGSQL_NONFATAL_ERROR (integer)

Returned by pg_result_status(). A nonfatal error (a notice or warning) occurred.

PGSQL_FATAL_ERROR (integer)

Returned by pg_result_status(). A fatal error occurred.

PGSQL_TRANSACTION_IDLE (integer)

Returned by pg_transaction_status(). Connection is currently idle, not in a transaction.

PGSQL_TRANSACTION_ACTIVE (integer)

Returned by pg_transaction_status(). A command is in progress on the connection. A query has been sent via the connection and not yet completed.

PGSQL_TRANSACTION_INTRANS (integer)

Returned by pg_transaction_status(). The connection is idle, in a transaction block.

PGSQL_TRANSACTION_INERROR (integer)

Returned by pg_transaction_status(). The connection is idle, in a failed transaction block.

PGSQL_TRANSACTION_UNKNOWN (integer)

Returned by pg_transaction_status(). The connection is bad.

PGSQL_DIAG_SEVERITY (integer)

Passed to pg_result_error_field(). The severity; the field contents are ERROR, FATAL, or PANIC (in an error message), or WARNING, NOTICE, DEBUG, INFO, or LOG (in a notice message), or a localized translation of one of these. Always present.

PGSQL_DIAG_SQLSTATE (integer)

Passed to pg_result_error_field(). The SQLSTATE code for the error. The SQLSTATE code identifies the type of error that has occurred; it can be used by front-end applications to perform specific operations (such as error handling) in response to a particular database error. This field is not localizable, and is always present.

PGSQL_DIAG_MESSAGE_PRIMARY (integer)

Passed to pg_result_error_field(). The primary human-readable error message (typically one line). Always present.

PGSQL_DIAG_MESSAGE_DETAIL (integer)

Passed to pg_result_error_field(). Detail: an optional secondary error message carrying more detail about the problem. May run to multiple lines.

PGSQL_DIAG_MESSAGE_HINT (integer)

Passed to pg_result_error_field(). Hint: an optional suggestion what to do about the problem. This is intended to differ from detail in that it offers advice (potentially inappropriate) rather than hard facts. May run to multiple lines.

PGSQL_DIAG_STATEMENT_POSITION (integer)

Passed to pg_result_error_field(). A string containing a decimal integer indicating an error cursor position as an index into the original statement string. The first character has index 1, and positions are measured in characters not bytes.

PGSQL_DIAG_INTERNAL_POSITION (integer)

Passed to pg_result_error_field(). This is defined the same as the PG_DIAG_STATEMENT_POSITION field, but it is used when the cursor position refers to an internally generated command rather than the one submitted by the client. The PG_DIAG_INTERNAL_QUERY field will always appear when this field appears.

PGSQL_DIAG_INTERNAL_QUERY (integer)

Passed to pg_result_error_field(). The text of a failed internally-generated command. This could be, for example, a SQL query issued by a PL/pgSQL function.

PGSQL_DIAG_CONTEXT (integer)

Passed to pg_result_error_field(). An indication of the context in which the error occurred. Presently this includes a call stack traceback of active procedural language functions and internally-generated queries. The trace is one entry per line, most recent first.

PGSQL_DIAG_SOURCE_FILE (integer)

Passed to pg_result_error_field(). The file name of the PostgreSQL source-code location where the error was reported.

PGSQL_DIAG_SOURCE_LINE (integer)

Passed to pg_result_error_field(). The line number of the PostgreSQL source-code location where the error was reported.

PGSQL_DIAG_SOURCE_FUNCTION (integer)

Passed to pg_result_error_field(). The name of the PostgreSQL source-code function reporting the error.

PGSQL_ERRORS_TERSE (integer)

Passed to pg_set_error_verbosity(). Specified that returned messages include severity, primary text, and position only; this will normally fit on a single line.

PGSQL_ERRORS_DEFAULT (integer)

Passed to pg_set_error_verbosity(). The default mode produces messages that include the above plus any detail, hint, or context fields (these may span multiple lines).

PGSQL_ERRORS_VERBOSE (integer)

Passed to pg_set_error_verbosity(). The verbose mode includes all available fields.

PGSQL_STATUS_LONG (integer)

Passed to pg_result_status(). Indicates that numerical result code is desired.

PGSQL_STATUS_STRING (integer)

Passed to pg_result_status(). Indicates that textual result command tag is desired.

PGSQL_CONV_IGNORE_DEFAULT (integer)

Passed to pg_convert(). Ignore default values in the table during conversion.

PGSQL_CONV_FORCE_NULL (integer)

Passed to pg_convert(). Use SQL NULL in place of an empty string.

PGSQL_CONV_IGNORE_DEFAULT (integer)

Passed to pg_convert(). Ignore conversion of NULL into SQL NOT NULL columns.

Примеры

Starting with PostgreSQL 7.1.0, you can store up to 1GB into a field of type text. In older versions, this was limited to the block size (default was 8KB, maximum was 32KB, defined at compile time)

To use the large object (lo) interface, it is required to enclose large object functions within a transaction block. A transaction block starts with a SQL statement BEGIN and if the transaction was valid ends with COMMIT or END. If the transaction fails the transaction should be closed with ROLLBACK or ABORT.

You should not close the connection to the PostgreSQL server before closing the large object.

Содержание

pg_affected_rows -- Returns number of affected records (tuples)

pg_cancel_query -- Cancel an asynchronous query

pg_client_encoding -- Gets the client encoding

pg_close -- Closes a PostgreSQL connection

pg_connect -- Open a PostgreSQL connection

pg_connection_busy -- Get connection is busy or not

pg_connection_reset -- Reset connection (reconnect)

pg_connection_status -- Get connection status

pg_convert -- Convert associative array values into suitable for SQL statement

pg_copy_from -- Insert records into a table from an array

pg_copy_to -- Copy a table to an array

pg_dbname -- Get the database name

pg_delete -- Deletes records

pg_end_copy -- Sync with PostgreSQL backend

pg_escape_bytea -- Escape a string for insertion into a bytea field

pg_escape_string -- Escape a string for insertion into a text field

pg_execute -- Sends a request to execute a prepared statement with given parameters, and waits for the result.

pg_fetch_all_columns -- Fetches all rows in a particular result column as an array

pg_fetch_all -- Fetches all rows from a result as an array

pg_fetch_array -- Fetch a row as an array

pg_fetch_assoc -- Fetch a row as an associative array

pg_fetch_object -- Fetch a row as an object

pg_fetch_result -- Returns values from a result resource

pg_fetch_row -- Get a row as an enumerated array

pg_field_is_null -- Test if a field is SQL NULL

pg_field_name -- Returns the name of a field

pg_field_num -- Returns the field number of the named field

pg_field_prtlen -- Returns the printed length

pg_field_size -- Returns the internal storage size of the named field

pg_field_type_oid -- Returns the type ID (OID) for the corresponding field number

pg_field_type -- Returns the type name for the corresponding field number

pg_free_result -- Free result memory

pg_get_notify -- Gets SQL NOTIFY message

pg_get_pid -- Gets the backend's process ID

pg_get_result -- Get asynchronous query result

pg_host -- Returns the host name associated with the connection

pg_insert -- Insert array into table

pg_last_error -- Get the last error message string of a connection

pg_last_notice -- Returns the last notice message from PostgreSQL server

pg_last_oid -- Returns the last row's OID

pg_lo_close -- Close a large object

pg_lo_create -- Create a large object

pg_lo_export -- Export a large object to file

pg_lo_import -- Import a large object from file

pg_lo_open -- Open a large object

pg_lo_read_all -- Reads an entire large object and send straight to browser

pg_lo_read -- Read a large object

pg_lo_seek -- Seeks position within a large object

pg_lo_tell -- Returns current seek position a of large object

pg_lo_unlink -- Delete a large object

pg_lo_write -- Write to a large object

pg_meta_data -- Get meta data for table

pg_num_fields -- Returns the number of fields in a result

pg_num_rows -- Returns the number of rows in a result

pg_options -- Get the options associated with the connection

pg_parameter_status -- Looks up a current parameter setting of the server.

pg_pconnect -- Open a persistent PostgreSQL connection

pg_ping -- Ping database connection

pg_port -- Return the port number associated with the connection

pg_prepare -- Submits a request to create a prepared statement with the given parameters, and waits for completion.

pg_put_line -- Send a NULL-terminated string to PostgreSQL backend

pg_query_params -- Submits a command to the server and waits for the result, with the ability to pass parameters separately from the SQL command text.

pg_query -- Execute a query

pg_result_error_field -- Returns an individual field of an error report.

pg_result_error -- Get error message associated with result

pg_result_seek -- Set internal row offset in result resource

pg_result_status -- Get status of query result

pg_select -- Select records

pg_send_execute -- Sends a request to execute a prepared statement with given parameters, without waiting for the result(s).

pg_send_prepare -- Sends a request to create a prepared statement with the given parameters, without waiting for completion.

pg_send_query_params -- Submits a command and separate parameters to the server without waiting for the result(s).

pg_send_query -- Sends asynchronous query

pg_set_client_encoding -- Set the client encoding

pg_set_error_verbosity -- Determines the verbosity of messages returned by pg_last_error() and pg_result_error().

pg_trace -- Enable tracing a PostgreSQL connection

pg_transaction_status -- Returns the current in-transaction status of the server.

pg_tty -- Return the TTY name associated with the connection

pg_unescape_bytea -- Unescape binary for bytea type

pg_untrace -- Disable tracing of a PostgreSQL connection

pg_update -- Update table

pg_version -- Returns an array with client, protocol and server version (when available)

Пред.

Начало

След.

pfpro_version

Уровень выше

pg_affected_rows